BANGLADESH: LAND OF EXTREMES

From the towering Himalayas to the massive river delta, Bangladesh boasts unparalleled geography. Monsoon floods bring both challenges and benefits, transforming the landscape. Moreover, Bangladesh is one of the most tectonically active regions in the world. It sits where three tectonic plates meet: the Indian Plate, the Eurasian Plate, and the Burmese Plate (The Daily Observer, 2023). With positioned in such a seismically active region, earthquake safety is an essential consideration for both real estate companies and residents in Bangladesh, especially in Dhaka. According to a recent study, about 56.26% of buildings in Dhaka are at high risk and 36.87% at moderate risk of damage from an earthquake of magnitude 4 or higher (Dhaka Tribune, 2023) Real estate companies and residents must acknowledge this risk, and take proactive measures to ensure the safety of structures and the people who occupy them.

GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION:

Implementing seismic-resistant construction practices is paramount for real estate companies in Bangladesh. Here are some essential guidelines to consider:

• Adhere to Building Codes: Construction companies should strictly follow the national building codes and regulations that incorporate earthquake-resistant standards. These guidelines ensure that structures are designed and built to withstand seismic forces. Being the largest delta in the world, most of Bangladesh’s land formation is soft and wet delta sediment. In places like Dhaka, earthquakes can cause solid sediments to liquefy which will eventually become a disaster if the proper codes of construction are not followed.

• Engaging Experienced Structural Engineers: Collaborating with experienced structural engineers is crucial. They can analyze the geological conditions of the site and design structures that can withstand earthquakes. They can also evaluate existing buildings for potential weaknesses and recommend retrofitting measures, if necessary.

• Quality Materials and Techniques: Using high-quality construction materials and advanced construction techniques can significantly enhance a building's earthquake resistance. Incorporating reinforced concrete, steel frames, and shear walls can provide strength and stability during seismic events.

Regular Inspections and Maintenance: Periodic inspections and maintenance of buildings are essential to identify any structural weaknesses or deterioration over time. Prompt repairs and reinforcement measures can prevent potential hazards during earthquakes.

MEASURES FOR INDIVIDUAL SAFETY:

While real estate companies play a crucial role in ensuring earthquake-resistant structures, it is crucial for individuals to be prepared and knowledgeable about safety measures to protect themselves during such events. Here are some important measures for individual safety during an earthquake:

• Drop, Cover, and Hold On: When an earthquake occurs, the immediate response should be to drop to the ground, take cover under a sturdy piece of furniture or against an interior wall, and hold on until the shaking stops. This position protects against falling objects and provides a safe zone.

• Identify Safe Zones: Before an earthquake happens, it is essential to identify safe zones within your surroundings, such as sturdy doorframes or load-bearing walls. Stay away from windows, glass, heavy furniture, and other objects that may pose a hazard during the shaking.

• Evacuation Plan: Familiarize yourself with evacuation routes and establish a meeting point outside your home or building. Practice drills with your family or co-workers to ensure everyone knows how to evacuate safely and efficiently.

• Secure Heavy Objects: Secure heavy furniture, appliances, and other objects that could potentially topple or cause injuries during an earthquake. Use brackets, straps, or other fastening devices to prevent these items from falling.

• Emergency Supplies: Keep a well-stocked emergency kit that includes essential supplies like food, water, medications, flashlights, batteries, a first aid kit, and a portable radio. These supplies will help sustain you during the immediate aftermath of an earthquake when resources may be scarce.

• Stay Informed: Stay updated with earthquake alerts and information through reliable sources such as local authorities or the national geological survey. Understand the potential risks and hazards in your area and be aware of any specific instructions or guidelines provided by emergency management agencies.

As responsible stakeholders, real estate companies and residents must prioritize earthquake safety in Bangladesh. By adhering to seismic-resistant construction guidelines and implementing individual safety measures, we can mitigate the risks associated with earthquakes. Let us work together to create a safer built environment and ensure the well-being of our communities.